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This book deals with the different types of soil and the soil characteristics of mangrove swamps, the flora and invertebrate fauna as well as with the vertebrate fauna.

This book summarizes the results of survey under-taken by IUCN and collaborators of the immediate and mid-term environmental damage arising from the Gulf War, in particular the massive oil spillage.

These guidelines expand on the system of categories designed to provide a basis for international comparison, identifying categories by their main management objectives and offering 40 examples of how the six categories have been applied.

The authors show how cost-benefit techniques can be applied to biodiversity and how they provide a measure of the efficiency of conservation techniques. Only if biodiversity conservation passes a basic economic test such as cost-benefit analysis is it likely to be incorporated into policy.

This publication, prepared in cooperation with the oil industry’s Exploration Production Forum, sets out the oil exploration process, describes the potential environmental consequences of exploration and recommends measures for the prevention or minimization of adverse impacts.

The special significance and characteristics of mountains often require that major portions of them be afforded extra care or protection. Many have received legislative recognition by designation as parks or reserves of various kinds, and there are some 430 mountain protected areas worldwide.

Eighty per cent of the world's population depends on traditional medicine for its primary health care needs, a system of medicine in which most of the drugs and cures used come from plants. Yet many of the plant involved are increasingly threatened.

This work stems from the Inter-American Development Bank's support to Latin American and Caribbean participation in the IVth World Parks Congress.

This series provides extensive details on the various issues that need to be considered in the planning of a system of marine and coastal protected areas, from legislation and administrative frameworks to key habitats and species, resource use and environmental problems.