For more than half a century, many natural habitats in the Czech Republic have been affected by destructive human activities or conversely, by abandonment, decreasing their quantity (area) as well as their quality (biodiversity). In response, many attempts have been made to restore some of the deteriorated sites, and studies have been made of the best ways to do so. This publication demonstrates how ecological restoration can help improve or recover ecosystem functioning and ecological services. It includes overviews of restoration efforts for woodlands, grasslands, wetlands, mining sites, military training areas, and landscapes as a whole, and presents dozens of case studies.