Equilibrium Research, UK

Inland waters – such as rivers, lakes and other wetlands – are among the most biodiverse ecosystems on the planet. They are also the most threatened; almost one in three species is at risk of extinction and monitored populations of freshwater species have declined by 85% since 1970. The loss of these ecosystems has cascading effects on human livelihoods, cultures and our overall well-being.

Nature-based Solutions (NbS) are seen as a response to many societal challenge. It is becoming increasingly obvious that protected and conserved areas (PCAs) are a major vehicle for NbS and essential to their success in many situations.

Like all the Arguments for Protection series, this report is primarily an attempt to assemble evidence about the positive benefits that can be provided by protected areas, in this case focusing on human health. Benefits explored here range from various ways of accessing genetic material to use as local or global medicines, to the use of wild, open and quiet spaces for physical exercise and emotional healing.