FAO, Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture

Conservation of animal genetic resources -- ensuring that these valuable resources remain available for future use by livestock breeders -- is one of the four strategic priority areas of the Global Plan of Action for Animal Genetic Resources, which was adopted in 2007 and is the first internationally agreed framework for the management of biodiversity in the livestock sector. These guidelines focus on conservation "in vivo", i.e. maintaining live populations rather than storing frozen genetic material.

This publication provides a glimpse into the often intricate knowledge systems that pastoralists and smallholder farmers have developed for the management of their breeds in specific production systems. It also describes the multitude of threats and challenges these often marginalized communities have to cope with and suggests interventions that can sustain valuable human-animal-environment relationships and combine conservation of breeds and their ecosystems with poverty alleviation.

These guidelines describe, in logical chronological order, the process of establishing a programme for cryoconservation of animal genetic resources, starting with the process of confirming the decision to implement a cryoconservation programme. The task of organizing the institutions needed to meet the chosen conservation objectives is then described.

Genetic improvement is an essential component of the management of animal genetic resources and can make important contributions to food security and rural development. Yet, the majority of developing countries have not been successful in sustaining breed development programmes. The objective of these guidelines is to help countries plan and develop effective genetic improvement programmes and to maximize the chances that such programmes will be sustained. They are intended for use by policy-makers and organizations involved in livestock development.

The State of the World’s Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture is the first global assessment of livestock biodiversity.

This publication includes 23 strategic priorities for action to promote the wise management of animal genetic resources and is the outcome of a country-driven process of reporting, analysis and discussion, which also resulted in the preparation of The State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, the first comprehensive global assessment of livestock diversity and its management.

Preparing and implementing a national strategy and action plan will enable countries to translate the Global Plan of Action for Animal Genetic Resources and the momentum it has created into an effective and comprehensive approach to the sustainable use, development and conservatin of their animal genetic resources. It will enhance their efforts to increase food production and food security, reduce povery and promote rural development.