IUCN, Regional Office for Europe

The European Red List is a review of the conservation status of European species according to IUCN regional Red Listing guidelines. It identifies those species that are threatened with extinction at the regional level, so that appropriate conservation action can be taken to improve their status. This publication summarizes results for all described native European marine fishes. Overall, 7.5% of the total of European marine fish species were considered threatened in European waters, and 8.4% have declining populations.

This publication summarises results for a selection of Europe's native species of vascular plants. In total 1,826 vascular plant species have been assessed from the following groups: species listed on European or international policy instruments, selected priority crop wild relatives, and aquatic plant species. Of those at least 467 species are threatened with extinction.

This publication summarises results for all of Europe's native species of freshwater fishes and lampreys. At least 37% of these species are threatened. Major threats include the over-abstraction of water, which in many cases is further exacerbated by increasing droughts due to climate change, pollution, and the introduction of alien species. Other important threats include overfishing, especially in the large rivers of Eastern Europe and the massive increase in dam constructions which lead to the interruption of stream connectivity and the total alteration of the stream habitats.

This publication summarises results for all of Europe's native freshwater species of mollusc and for a selection of terrestrial mollusc families. About 44% of the freshwater molluscs and 20% of the selected terrestrial molluscs are threatened with extinction at the European level as a result of threats including pollution, dams, and water extraction (mainly for agriculture and drinking purposes) for the freshwater ecosystems and urbanisation, agriculture and recreation activities for the terrestrial molluscs.

This publication from IUCN and IOF is the first-ever comprehensive analysis of the state of biodiversity in 67 countries. Present on the five continents and across all oceans, the Francophonie network encompasses 29 million km2 of land and 25 million km2 of ocean. It hosts many emblematic species, such as polar bears, gorillas, okapis, lemurs, giant turtles and tortoises, European bisons and American wapitis.

Cette publication est la première grande étude sur l’état de la biodiversité dans 67 pays. Présent sur les 5 continents et tous les océans, le réseau de la Francophonie s’étend une surface terrestre de 29 millions de km2 et une surface marine de 25 millions de km2. Il abrite de nombreuses espèces emblématiques, comme les ours polaires, les gorilles, les okapis, les lémuriens, les tortues géantes d’eau douce et terrestres, les bisons européens et les wapitis américains.

The European Red List is a review of the conservation status of c.6,000 European species (mammals, reptiles, amphibians, freshwater fishes, butterflies, dragonflies, and selected groups of beetles, molluscs, and vascular plants) according to IUCN regional Red Listing guidelines. It identifies those species that are threatened with extinction at the regional level in order that appropriate conservation action can be taken to improve their status. This is the first assessment of the Red List status of Europe's saproxylic beetles, that is beetles depending on wood decay.