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The objectives of this book are: to gain an impartial view of potential developments of the forest resources in the European USSR; to build alternative and consistent scenarios of the future developments; to illustrate the effects of forest decline from air pollutants; to identify meaningful policy options concerning the forest resources of the European USSR; and to support future policy decisions concerning the forest resources of the European USSR. 

Businesses are increasingly mindful of their impacts on biodiversity and how they can address these impacts through proactive biodiversity management. Monitoring can provide companies with a better understanding whether they are achieving their intended results, and also aid in decision-making. IUCN created the Biodiversity Indicator and Reporting System (BIRS) to guide companies in the cement and aggregates sector in adopting a standardized system for monitoring biodiversity at their extractive operations, and to encourage regular reporting on biodiversity attributes at the company level.