This review of the European bisons (Bison bonasus) status clearly indicates that, through proper management and conservation, its present numbers and distribution have improved significantly since its extinction in the wild at the beginning of the 20th century.
Author(s):
Belousova, Irina P.
Krasinska, Malgorzata
Krasinski, Zbigniew A.
Olech, Wanda
Pucek, Zdzislaw
Organization(s):
IUCN Species Survival Commission (SSC), Bison Specialist Group
The new Canid Action Plan synthesizes the current knowledge on the biology, ecology and status of all wild canid species, and outlines the conservation actions and projects needed to secure their long-term survival.
Author(s):
Hoffmann, Michael
Macdonald, David W. (David Whyte)
Sillero-Zubiri, Claudio
Organization(s):
Born Free
IUCN Species Survival Commission (SSC), Canid Specialist Group
Oman, Sir Peter Scott IUCN/SSC Action Plan Fund
People's Trust for Endangered Species
Taiwan, Council of Agriculture
University of Oxford, Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, UK
Les chimpanzés vivent à létat sauvage uniquement en Afrique tropicale où leur population a diminué de plus de 66% au cours des trente dernières années.
Author(s):
Bakarr, Mohamed I.
Boesch, Christophe
Butynski, Thomas M.
Kormos, Rebecca
Organization(s):
Conservation International, Center for Applied Biodiversity Science (CABS)
IUCN Species Survival Commission (SSC), Primate Specialist Group
Wild chimpanzees are only found in tropical Africa, where their populations have declined by more than 66% in the last 30 years. This action plan focuses on one of the four chimpanzee subspecies, the western chimpanzee, which is one of the two subspecies most threatened with extinction.
Author(s):
Bakarr, Mohamed I.
Boesch, Christophe
Butynski, Thomas M.
Kormos, Rebecca
Organization(s):
Conservation International, Center for Applied Biodiversity Science (CABS)
IUCN Species Survival Commission (SSC), Primate Specialist Group
Consistent evaluation and new recommendations for action are required of protective measures to address threats that were unrecognised or non-existent until recently. Global warming, noise pollution and reduced availability of prey are now of great concern.
Author(s):
Crespo, Enrique A.
Notarbartolo di Sciara, Giuseppe
Reeves, Randall R.
Smith, Brian D.
Organization(s):
IUCN Species Survival Commission (SSC), Cetacean Specialist Group
This collection of 52 papers and 21 abstracts focuses on sharing available knowledge to combat the threat of invasive alien species. Turning the tide of biological invasion by eradicating invasive species can yield substantial benefits for biodiversity conservation.
Author(s):
Veitch, C.R.
Clout, M.N.
Organization(s):
IUCN Species Survival Commission (SSC), Invasive Species Specialist Group
Once one of the most abundant grazing animals, now only seven species remain. Equids persist in some of the harshest climates and terrains in the world, habitats which are also home to many human populations.
Author(s):
Moehlman, Patricia D.
Organization(s):
IUCN Species Survival Commission (SSC), Equid Specialist Group
Ocean Conservancy, US
Oman, Sir Peter Scott IUCN/SSC Action Plan Fund
Taiwan, Council of Agriculture
United Kingdom, Department of the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs
The fourth part in a series of action plan, this publication covers less than one-quarter of the world's antelope species that are found in North Africa, the Middle East and Asia.
Author(s):
Kingswood, Steven C.
Mallon, David P.
Organization(s):
Center for Marine Conservation, US
IUCN Species Survival Commission (SSC), Antelope Specialist Group
Oman, Sir Peter Scott IUCN/SSC Action Plan Fund
Taiwan, Council of Agriculture
United Kingdom, Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions
Bats make up a quarter of all mammals, and almost half of the species can be considered threatened or near threatened at a global level. This publication offers the results of the first comprehensive review to identify the conservation priorities for the 834 species of Microchiroptera.
Author(s):
Hutson, Anthony M.
Mickleburgh, Simon P.
Racey, Paul A.
Organization(s):
Bat Conservation Trust
Center for Marine Conservation, US
Fauna and Flora International, UK
IUCN Species Survival Commission (SSC), Chiroptera Specialist Group
Oman, Sir Peter Scott IUCN/SSC Action Plan Fund
Taiwan, Council of Agriculture
United Kingdom, Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions
These species, a group of about 150 ground-dwelling gamebird, are found on every continent apart from Antarctica. They live in a wide variety of habitats from tropical forests, high-altitude alpine zones, temperate forests, open country, to desert environment.
Author(s):
Carroll, John P.
Fuller, Richard A.
McGowan, Philip J. K.
Organization(s):
BirdLife International
Center for Marine Conservation, US
Chicago Zoological Society, US
IUCN Species Survival Commission (SSC), Partridge, Quail and Francolin Specialist Group
Oman, Sir Peter Scott IUCN/SSC Action Plan Fund
Taiwan, Council of Agriculture
United Kingdom, Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions
In the five years since publication of the 1995-99 action plan, the Megapode Specialist Group has been active in promoting, initiating and executing conservation and research projects on thermometer birds. But the conservation outlook for many species remains bleak.
Author(s):
Baker, Gillian C.
Dekker, René W. R. J.
Fuller, Richard A.
Organization(s):
BirdLife International
Center for Marine Conservation, US
Chicago Zoological Society, US
IUCN Species Survival Commission (SSC), Megapode Specialist Group
Netherlands Foundation for International Nature Protection
Oman, Sir Peter Scott IUCN/SSC Action Plan Fund
Taiwan, Council of Agriculture
United Kingdom, Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions
As large ground-dwelling birds, pheasants are widely hunted for food, plumage and the live bird trade - consequently many species are threatened. They are largely dependent on forested habitats, making them highly vulnerable to deforestation and habitat degradation.
Author(s):
Fuller, Richard A.
Garson, Peter J.
Organization(s):
BirdLife International
Center for Marine Conservation, US
Chicago Zoological Society, US
IUCN Species Survival Commission (SSC), Pheasant Specialist Group
Oman, Sir Peter Scott IUCN/SSC Action Plan Fund
Taiwan, Council of Agriculture
United Kingdom, Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions
Grouse have long attracted and fascinated people. Their display behaviour, and their traditional communal mating grounds or "leks", have inspired poetry and folklore as well as scientific theories on sexual selection and mating systems.
Author(s):
Storch, Ilse
Organization(s):
IUCN Species Survival Commission (SSC)
WPA/BirdLife/SSC Grouse Specialist Group
World Pheasant Association, UK
Oman, Sir Peter Scott IUCN/SSC Action Plan Fund
WWF International
Taiwan, Council of Agriculture
United Kingdom, Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions
This compilation brings together current information on the status of Asian freshwater cetacean populations, the factors that have caused their recent declines, and what can be done to improve their chances for survival.
Author(s):
Reeves, Randall R.
Smith, Brian D.
Kasuya, Toshio
Organization(s):
IUCN Species Survival Commission (SSC)
Oman, Sir Peter Scott IUCN/SSC Action Plan Fund
Chicago Zoological Society, US
Taiwan, Council of Agriculture
WWF International
United Kingdom, Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions
One threat to parrot arises from their attractiveness as "talking" companions to humans, leading to a high demand for trade that involves hundreds of thousands of birds annually on a global basis, and gives parrots a high monetary value.
Author(s):
Snyder, Noel
McGowan, Philip J. K.
Gilardi, James
Grajal, Alejandro
Organization(s):
IUCN Species Survival Commission (SSC)
Oman, Sir Peter Scott IUCN/SSC Action Plan Fund
Chicago Zoological Society, US
Taiwan, Council of Agriculture
WWF International
United Kingdom, Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions
The family Cracidae is made up of 50 species of guans, curassows and chachalacas - large gregarious game birds, many of which have striking colours. They are important as seed dispersers, biological indicators of the environment, a major protein source for indigenous people, and for ecotourism.
Author(s):
Brooks, Daniel M.
González-Garcá, Fernando
Pereira, Sergio Luiz
Strahl, Stuart D.
Organization(s):
Center for Marine Conservation, US
Chicago Zoological Society, US
IUCN Species Survival Commission (SSC), Cracid Specialist Group
Oman, Sir Peter Scott IUCN/SSC Action Plan Fund
Taiwan, Council of Agriculture
United Kingdom, Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions
The African elephant is the largest living land mammal. It once inhabited most of the continent, from the Mediterranean coast down to its south tip. This picture of elephant range today is one of scattered, fragmented populations south of the Sahara Desert.
Author(s):
Barnes, R. F. W.
Craig, G. C.
Dublin, Holly T.
Overton, Greg L.
Simons, W.
Thouless, C. R.
Organization(s):
IUCN Species Survival Commission (SSC), African Elephant Specialist Group
UNEP, Global Resource Information Database (GRID)
Oman, Sir Peter Scott IUCN/SSC Action Plan Fund
Chicago Zoological Society, US
WWF International
Taiwan, Council of Agriculture
United Kingdom, Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions
The black and the white rhinoceros have become flagship species for international conservation. They are significant not only for the continuation of a major evolutionary heritage, but also as symbols for the protection of African savannahs.
Author(s):
Brooks, Martin
Emslie, Richard
Organization(s):
Center for Marine Conservation, US
Chicago Zoological Society, US
International Rhino Foundation
IUCN Species Survival Commission (SSC), African Rhino Specialist Group
Oman, Sir Peter Scott IUCN/SSC Action Plan Fund
Taiwan, Council of Agriculture
United Kingdom, Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions
Although most antelope species still exist in large numbers in sub-Saharan Africa (some in hundreds of thousands), up to three-quarters of the species are in decline.
Author(s):
East, R. (Rod)
Estes, R. D.
Organization(s):
IUCN Species Survival Commission (SSC), Antelope Specialist Group
Oman, Sir Peter Scott IUCN/SSC Action Plan Fund
Chicago Zoological Society, US
WWF International
Taiwan, Council of Agriculture
United Kingdom, Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions
Conifers are one of the world's most important resources of timber. If managed wisely and used sustainably, these resources will provide wood for a multitude of purposes, virtually indefinitely.
Author(s):
Farjon, Aljos
Page, Christopher N.
Organization(s):
Chicago Zoological Society, US
IUCN Species Survival Commission (SSC), Conifer Specialist Group
Oman, Sir Peter Scott IUCN/SSC Action Plan Fund
Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, UK
Taiwan, Council of Agriculture
United Kingdom, Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions
The eight species of bear live in more than 65 countries or autonomous regions in four continents, in a variety of habitats from tropical rainforests to arctic ice. Numerous human cultures around the world symbolically or physically try to incorporate the power of bears into their people.
Author(s):
Herrero, Stephen
Peyton, Bernard
Servheen, Christopher
Organization(s):
Chicago Zoological Society, US
IUCN Species Survival Commission (SSC), Bear Specialist Group
IUCN Species Survival Commission (SSC), Polar Bear Specialist Group
National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, US
Oman, Sir Peter Scott IUCN/SSC Action Plan Fund
Taiwan, Council of Agriculture
United Kingdom, Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions
Deer are a unique group of mammals recognised for their grace and beauty. Some are also prime examples of flagship species, whose continued survival sustains the complex interplay of flora and fauna. Today many species are under threat of extinction.
Author(s):
Blouch, Raleigh
McCarthy, Andrew
Moore, Donald
Wemmer, Christen M.
Organization(s):
Chicago Zoological Society, US
IUCN Species Survival Commission (SSC), Deer Specialist Group
Oman, Sir Peter Scott IUCN/SSC Action Plan Fund
Smithsonian Institution, National Zoological Park, US
Taiwan, Council of Agriculture
United Kingdom, Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions
This reflects the ongoing activities of the Crocodile Specialist Group, providing the first application of the new 1994 IUCN Red List Categories to crocodilian status assessment.
Author(s):
Ross, James Perran
Organization(s):
Chicago Zoological Society, US
IUCN Species Survival Commission (SSC), Crocodile Specialist Group
Oman, Sir Peter Scott IUCN/SSC Action Plan Fund
Taiwan, Council of Agriculture
United Kingdom, Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions
This new edition reveals a global network of over 30,000 protected areas designated under national legislation which covers 13.2 million square kilometres of land, freshwater and sea, an area larger than Canada, and accounts for nearly 8 per cent of the world's land area, as well as 1.5 million s
Grebes are specisalised waterbirds which inhabit marshlands and reed-fringed lakes. Their dependence on wetlands is total and as a result they are particularly vulnerable to changes in ecosystems and their deterioration.
Author(s):
Fjeldsa, Jon
O'Donnel, Colin
Organization(s):
Chicago Zoological Society, US
IUCN Species Survival Commission (SSC), Grebe Specialist Group
Descended from a long and ancient lineage, tapirs are important tropical forest seed dispersers. However, today, all species of tapirs are threatened to various degrees by habitat destruction and hunting.
Author(s):
Bodmer, Richard E.
Brooks, Daniel M.
Matola, Sharon
Organization(s):
Chicago Zoological Society, US
Houston Zoological Society and Houston Zoological Gardens, US
IUCN Species Survival Commission (SSC), Tapir Specialist Group
Over the last 30 years the African wild dog population has declined dramatically. Dogs have disappeared from 25 of the 39 countries in which they were previously found, and only 6 populations are believed to number more than 100 animals.
Author(s):
Ginsberg, Joshua R.
Macdonald, David W. (David Whyte)
Woodroffe, Rosie
Organization(s):
Chicago Zoological Society, US
IUCN Species Survival Commission (SSC), Canid Specialist Group
Dragonflies, those beautiful and colourful creatures which can often be seen hovering above water, pre-date dinosaurs. Today, some 5,000 species have been described and many more await discovery and description.
Author(s):
Moore, N. W. (Norman Winfrid)
Organization(s):
Chicago Zoological Society, US
IUCN Species Survival Commission (SSC), Odonata Specialist Group
Found in a variety of forms and sometimes with very attractive flowers, cacti and other succulents have elicited widespread interest and tremendous popularity worldwide.
Author(s):
Oldfield, Sara
Organization(s):
Chicago Zoological Society, US
IUCN Species Survival Commission (SSC), Cactus and Succulent Specialist Group
The Ethiopian wolf is one of many species endemic to the highlands of Ethiopia but with only about 400 adults remaining, it is also the most endangered canid in the world.
Author(s):
Macdonald, David W. (David Whyte)
Sillero-Zubiri, Claudio
Organization(s):
Born Free
Chicago Zoological Society, US
IUCN Species Survival Commission (SSC), Canid Specialist Group
Wild caprinae, including sheep and goats, are an extremely valuable group of mammals. While most live in mountains, some inhabit desert grasslands, tropical forests or even arctic tundra.
Author(s):
Shackleton, David M.
Organization(s):
Chicago Zoological Society, US
IUCN Species Survival Commission (SSC), Caprinae Specialist Group
There are currently three species of Asian rhino: the Indian or greater one-horned Asian rhino, the Javan or lesser one-horned Asian rhino and the Sumatran or Asian two-horned rhino. Today, all three are threatened with extinction and two, the Sumatran rhino and Javan rhino, critically so.
Author(s):
Foose, Thomas J.
Mohd. Khan bin Momin Khan
Strien, Nico J. van
Organization(s):
Chicago Zoological Society, US
International Rhino Foundation
IUCN Species Survival Commission (SSC), Asian Rhino Specialist Group