This methodology report provides a detailed description of background, assumptions, approaches and modelling tools utilized in the UNECE Forest Sector Outlook Study 2020-2040 (FSOS) main report.

Despite being among the most productive and valuable natural ecosystems, mangroves face significant human pressures, making it essential to know their status for effective conservation and management. This global assessment of mangrove ecosystems represents a landmark effort to understand the status and trends of mangroves worldwide. It is the first time that all occurrences of a single Ecosystem Functional Group have been assessed.

The frequency and intensity of wildfires, storms and pest outbreaks has been increasing rapidly for several decades, highlighting the vulnerability of the world’s forests and the impact of natural and human threats accelerated and intensified by climate changes.

Poorly designed employee surveys frustrate participants, analysts, and executives and can end up doing more harm than good. Alec Levenson offers sensible, practical ways to make them more useful and accurate and counters a number of unhelpful but common practices. He provides specific advice for ensuring that the purpose and desired outcomes of surveys are clear, the questions are designed to provide the most relevant and accurate data, and the results are actionable.