Coral reefs

Since the 1998 coral bleaching and mortality, which affected reefs throughout the tropics, a number of projects dealing with research, monitoring and management of coral reefs have been conducted. A number of these projects have been carried out under the CORDIO Program in the Indian Ocean where coral reefs have been severely impacted by bleaching related mortality and other anthropogenic influences.

This report was written to provide an overview, without the use of scientific jargon, of the status of coral reefs and causes of reef decline, with recommendations for action by national authorities. This second edition is a major expansion and improvement on the first edition written in 1998.

Coral reef management has focused traditionally on the biophysical aspects of coral reefs, but today reefs are coming under increasing pressures from human activities. Understanding the socioeconomic context of reef stakeholders is essential for assessing, predicting and managing reef use. This manual will assist coral reef managers around the world in making basic socioeconomic assessments in their communities.

The Hol Chan Marine Reserve Management Plan serves as a working document for the sustainable use and management of the marine resources in the area. This plan prescribes a zoning scheme that provides opportunities for the protection of specific natural features; for the maintenance of environmental services; and for tourism and fishing. It also prescribes a financial sustainability plan that could support the capital and operational expenses of the reserve.

11% of all coral reefs have been damaged beyond recovery or totally destroyed; another 16% were damaged in 1998 by climate change related to coral bleaching. More than 50% of the world’s mangrove forests have been cleared without understanding the enormous value of these muddy coastal forests. Seagrass beds have had similar losses in many areas. This book was written for practicing resource managers and educators in developing countries.