Legal aspects

An environmental flow is the water regime provided within a river, wetland or coastal zone to maintain ecosystems and their benefits where there are competing water uses and where flows are regulated. Pioneering efforts in South Africa, Australia and the United States have shown that the process to establish them poses great challenges.

Protected areas in Ghana cover 5.6% of the country and are of economic importance as they contribute to improving standards of living of communities surrounding them. However, these protected areas are subject to pressures and threats, the main ones being poaching, bush fires and land conversion due to farming or grazing around or within the protected areas. There pressures and threats increase the protected areas’ vulnerabilities.

Les aires protégées du Togo sont soumises à de fortes pressions, essentiellement dues à l’influence des populations. De même, la diversité faunique reste très menacée. Cette étude avance un certain nombre de recommandations pour tenter d’améliorer cette situation à court et à moyen terme.

Les aires protégées du Niger couvrent environ 6,6% du territoire national. Souvent, l’inadéquation des ressources humaines disponibles, combinée au climat d’insécurité qui règne dans certaines zones, rend ces aires protégées vulnérables aux multiples pressions qui s’exercent sur elles, telles que le braconnage, l’utilisation illégale des terres, l’exploitation du bois et des produits forestiers non ligneux ou l’exploitation minière.

An environmental flow is the water regime provided within a river, wetland or coastal zone to maintain ecosystems and their benefits where there are competing water uses and where flows are regulated. Pioneering efforts in South Africa, Australia and the United States have shown that the process to establish them poses great challenges.

Esta publicación tiene por objeto ayudar a los funcionarios de gobierno a fortalecer su capacidad de negociación y promover la cooperación entre actores estatales en el ámbito de los recursos hídricos compartarget_idos. Pretende asimismo servir como herramienta para crear conciencia y desarrollar la capacidad de la sociedad civil a nivel nacional y local.

Le processus collectif de compréhension et d’action par les communautés locales et d’autres acteurs sociaux se trouve au cœur de la « cogestion » des ressources naturelles. Ce processus aboutit à des accords négociés sur les rôles de gestion, les droits, les responsabilités et rendent explicites les conditions et institutions pour une gouvernance saine et décentralisée. De fait, la cogestion revient à partager le pouvoir.

This report is based on discussions among maritime experts and draws on the conclusions of a workshop that was held in Istanbul in 2007.

Fewer than 11% of CBD Parties have adopted substantive ABS law, and nearly all of these are developing countries, focusing almost entirely on the ‘access’ side of the equation. Most of the CBD’s specific ABS obligations, however, relate to the other side of the equation – benefit sharing. This book considers the full range of ABS obligations, and how existing tools in user countries’ national law can be used to achieve the CBD’s third objective.

This publication identifies and analyzes critical issues in the formulation and implementation of national and sub-national legal frameworks for REDD activities. It is based on substantive findings from four national case studies (Brazil, Cameroon, Guyana and Papua New Guinea) chosen for their varying geographies, forest cover and deforestation rates, and stages of REDD preparations.