This document provides background information on the interrelationship between climate change and food security, and ways to deal with the new threat. It also shows the opportunities for the agriculture sector to adapt, as well as describing how it can contribute to mitigating the climate challenge.
This study entailed extensive literature review of linkages between adaptation and mitigation at the global policy level, through analysis of relevant policies and protocols in the context of climate change in general and forest landscape restoration (FLR) in particular. This was followed by literature review regarding the current discourse and understanding of adaptation and mitigation options and the synergies between the two, specifically in the context of FLR.
Leading companies in the primary natural resource sectors are setting more targeted and measureable enviornmental goals, which in regards to biodiversity-related risks, are increasingly framed as "No Net Loss" (NNL) or "Net Positive Impact" (NPI) goals. To date however, much of the experience in implementing approaches with explicit NPI goals for biodiversity has been in the extractives and infrastructure sectors.
Leading companies in the primary natural resource sectors are setting more targeted and measureable enviornmental goals, which in regards to biodiversity-related risks, are increasingly framed as "No Net Loss" (NNL) or "Net Positive Impact" (NPI) goals. To date however, much of the experience in implementing approaches with explicit NPI goals for biodiversity has been in the extractives and infrastructure sectors.
Developed through a literature review and individual consultations with experts and validated through an experts' workshop, this white paper considers the most recent work on the intersection of gender and energy. It intends to demonstrate that gender equality can be a driver for more effective clean energy investments, and that this gender lens can be applied at every level of the energy value chain.
Wetlands have been the focus of conservation and restoration efforts for over a century, and governments, international actors (NGOs and academia) and local communities around the world are now increasingly engaging in wetland restoration or avoiding wetland degration activities for climate change mitigation.
Governments, companies, banks and civil society are placing more emphasis on the rigorous application of the mitigation hierarchy to avoid, minimize and compensate for projects' impacts on biodiversity. The final step in the mitigation hierarchy sequence are biodiversity offsets to achieve No Net Loss (NNL) or Net Gain (NG). Thirty-nine countries have existing laws or policies on NNL/NG, biodiversity offsets or compensation, and twenty-two countries are developing them.
The goal of biodiversity offsets -- measurable conservation outcomes resulting from actions designed to compensate for significant residual adverse biodiversity impacts arising from project development after other appropriate prevention and mitigation measures have been taken -- is to achieve no net loss (or net gain) in biodiversity. This report assesses the conditions under which biodiversity offsets may provide the best outcomes for biodiversity and achieve no net loss.
This study compares compensation approaches taken with respect to impacts on biological diversity in selected countries from four different continents: Africa, Asia, North America, and South America. Background on specific legal and institutional frameworks for each country are elaborated and assumptions for further research are formulated.
