Literature review

This report first reviews the available methods, tools and approaches that have been designed to assess and document the social impacts of conservation interventions, and second, offers guidance for practitioners on good practice for designing studies and facilitating processes for such assessments. The focus of this report is on tools that can be used for assessing ex post impacts – i.e. after commencement of intervention – whilst recognising that good project design incorporates social impact assessment activities from the outset.

This document was written to facilitate the preparation of the guidelines that FAO is preparing to assist forest managers to understand, assess and implement climate change mitigation and adaptation measures. The objective was to determine if and how forest management is changing or could change in order to respond effectively to climate change challenges and mitigation opportunities.

The Bangladesh Sundarban delta, comprising the mangrove forest and neighbouring landscape, supports the largest array of life forms among ecosystems of a similar type. However, over the last twenty-five years, the high rate of human entrance into the mangrove, followed by the mushrooming growth of shrimp farming on the periphery, has caused severe damange to the entire ecosystem. To address this situation, a long-term vision (2050), backed by integrated management strategies, has been formulated under this initiative.

This report offers a review of literature from various sources on the impacts of the production and use of liquid biofuels, which are used mainly in the transport sector. In 2009, Campbell and Doswald (2009) published a review similar to this one, focusing on the biodiversity impacts of biofuels, on behalf of UNEP-WCMC. This report reflects on the progress made since that review.