Authenticity in nature : making choices about the naturalness of ecosystems

This publication examines the concept of naturalness in ecosystems, discussing its values and considering choices about the level of naturalness in conservation efforts. The author argues that all ecosystems have been modified and the idea of places 'untouched by humans' is a myth. But there are large differences in the degree of modification and levels of naturalness which can be identified. Practical issues of management and numerous terrestrial and aquatic examples from around the world are discussed.