IUCN, Regional Office for West Asia (ROWA)

Soilless agriculture is a modern technology created to enable growing crops in an environment where traditional technologies are median. Several techniques stem from soilless agriculture e.g. hydroponics and aquaponics. Limited water resources, variations of precipitation and frequent droughts are typical challenges for arid areas. Hydroponics offer solutions to rationalize water consumption in arid to semi-arid areas particularly when agriculture is a main activity in those areas. This manual provides farmers with a clear methodology for impelenting soilless cultivation.

North-East Badia, Jordan, is inhabited by half a million Syrian refugees and an equal number of Jordanians, whose livelihoods depend on agriculture. Working in the agricultural sector is characterized by low wages, long hours, poor working conditions, lack of occupational health and safety, and a high incidence of child labour. In addition, Jordan faces severe water scarcity, with annual demand roughly double the available supply and weak water resource management exacerbating the problem.

Protected areas are considered one of the most effective and widely used methods for biodiversity conservation on a global scale. Therefore, effective, and equitable management and operation of these areas are crucial for conserving their biodiversity. Guidelines for evaluating the management effectiveness of protected areas have been developed, and their impact is widespread around the world. These guidelines serve as a means to adapt and replan the components of ecosystems and vital processes, addressing the increasing pressures on reserves.

Protected areas are the basic corner stone for protecting and managing the world's biodiversity, given their major and effective role in reducing the degradation of many ecosystems and habitats as a result of unsustainable human practices.

Marine invasive species can have a disastrous impact on biodiversity, ecosystems, fisheries, human health, tourism and coastal development, and they can be extremely difficult and costly to control.