Policy

This book explores how to manage complexity in a highly interconnected world. How can complexity be managed when it cannot be reduced? From organizational addiction to market failure, from limits to growth to the rebound effect, from tragedy of the commons to path dependence, answers are anything but trivial, and can only be found by combining insights from complexity science, system dynamics, system theory and systems thinking.

Food is one of the basic needs for human life. At the same time, agriculture is a leading cause of biodiversity loss, driving 80% of deforestation and consuming 70% of freshwater resources globally. Conventional farming practices have further contributed to habitat degradation, soil depletion, and species loss. This report aims to provide a general overview of how the relationship between biodiversity and agriculture is assessed.

Following several years of preparatory work across the globe, legal scholars, judges, UN officials and climate change experts from 11 countries came together to finalise a new normative framework aiming to strengthen the right of climate-displaced persons, households and communities. This resulted in the approval of the Peninsula Principles on Climate Displacement within States in August 2013.

The main goal of this scoping study is to provide a state-of-the-art overview of the national aspect of North Macedonia in regard of pilot activities to apply the Nature-based Solutions (NbS) concept for disaster risk reduction (DRR). The study refers to the available information from existing policies, programmes, and strategies (at the global, regional, national, and local levels). The analysed data are related to NbS for DRR, directly or indirectly.

Montenegro is a disaster-prone country particularly vulnerable to climate change, thus affecting multiple sectors – agriculture, biodiversity, energy, forestry, public health, coastal areas and maritime resources, tourism and water resources. The combination of the rise in frequency and intensity of climate-related hazards, and increasing development in the country raises the risks of these hazards causing substantial economic and health impacts.

Kosovo is prone to a wide variety of natural hazards – including floods, landslides, droughts, earthquakes, and wildfires – that could pose serious damages to the economy, fiscal balances, and the well-being of vulnerable populations. Many of these climatic-related hazards are expected to magnify with future climate change.

Les solutions fondées sur la nature (SFN) sont de plus en plus considérées comme un moyen d’atteindre les objectifs de plusieurs accords mondiaux et peuvent être essentielles à une transition juste – si la bonne combinaison de politiques de transition juste est mise en œuvre. Mais il n’existe actuellement aucune garantie que les SFN généreront du travail décent.

Las soluciones basadas en la naturaleza (SbN) se consideran cada vez más como una forma de cumplir los objetivos de varios acuerdos globales y pueden ser fundamentales para una transición justa, si se implementa la combinación adecuada de políticas de transición justa. Pero actualmente no hay garantía de que las SbN generen trabajo decente.

NbS are increasingly seen as a way to meet the objectives of several global agreements and can be central to a just transition – if the right mix of just transition policies are implemented. But there is currently no guarantee that NbS will generate decent work.

The circular economy is a positive step forward to help achieve our environmental targets. When implemented with nature in mind, it can present an important opportunity for nature and biodiversity. As outlined by the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, to halt and reverse biodiversity loss by 2030 we will need to transform our production and consumption systems.