Agriculture

The native sparrows are the most abundant and widely distributed of the small birds inhabiting the rural districts of the United States. Wherever there are farms these characteristic little birds may be found nesting in orchard, berry patch, vineyard, or hedgerow, enlivening the shrubbery from dooryard to outlying field with their songs, or in winter rising from the ground and fluttering from bush to bush before one who invades their haunts.

Redan under 1800-talet växte det fram forskning inriktad mot det svenska jordbrukets och skogsbrukets behov. Forskningen bedrevs ofta i nära samarbete med eller av näringarna själva, till exempel i hushållningssällskapens regi. Under 1900-talet kom dessa lantbruksvetenskaper att alltmer införlivas i en akademisk struktur och kultur. Det var en utveckling som var både önskad och ifrågasatt.

The high amount of land used for cultivation and livestock farming has dramatically shaped landscapes in Europe and throughout the rest of the world. Agriculture is a fundamental human activity that intrinsically depends on nature and at the same time poses a threat to it. Thus, sustainability has emerged as a necessity in future agricultural policy and practice.

This pamphlet briefly introduces measures that are now taken by various stakeholders in Japan and contribute to achieving the proposed post-2010 biodiversity targets. Measures included in this pamphlet is not exhaustive, but selected by the government of Japan as ones expected to be interesting to other parties. 

Der Übergang zur intensiven Landbewirtschaftung, die Nutzungsaufgabe von steilen und abgelegenen Flächen sowie die Ausdehnung des Siedlungsraums haben in den vergangenen Jahrzehnten in den Alpen einen beträchtlichen Verlust an Landschaftsqualität und an biologischer Vielfalt verursacht. Im Rahmen des Nationalen Forschungsprogramms NFP 48 "Landschaften und Lebensräume der Alpen" wurden diese Veränderungen eingehend untersucht.

Österreich verfügt über eine grosse Vielfalt an Arten und Lebensräumen. Das vorliegende Buch gibt erstmals einen Überblick über wesentliche Aspekte der Biodiversität in Österreich, die etwa 67 000 Pflanzen- und Tierarten umfasst und beinahe 500 Biotoptypen unterscheidet. Landesweite Darstellungen und Analysen der Moos-, Gefässpflanzen-, Brutvogel- und Biotoptypenvielfalt werden ergänzt durch regionale Untersuchungen zur Diversität der Heuschrecken und Säugetiere.

This institutional analysis looks at existing institutional arragements, provides insights into barriers and opportunities of the practical application of the water-energy-food security nexus in Central Asia and considers options for improved multi-sectoral dialogue and cooperation. 

This study is aimed at the assessment of current policies as well as regulatory and legal frameworks on renewable energy and energy efficiency, water management, the food security nexus and sustainable development in the countries of Jordan, Lebanon and Tunisia. It also closely considers climate change and the issue of gender. 

For the three-year IAP project 'food and nutrition security and agriculture', four parallel regional academy network working groups were constituted: in Africa (the Network of African Science Academies, NASAC), Asia (the Association of Academies and Societies of Sciences in Asia, AASSA), the Americas (the Inter-American Network of Academies of Science, IANAS) and Europe (the European Academies’ Science Advisory Council, EASAC).